FTIR and Electrical Behavior of Blend Electrolytes Based on (PVA/PVP)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Polymer electrolytes were prepared using the solution cast technology. Under some conditions, the electrolyte content of polymers was analyzed in constant percent of PVA/PVP (50:50), ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC) (1:1) with different proportions of potassium iodide (KI) (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt%) and iodine (I2) = 10 wt% of salt. Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR) studies confirmed the complex formation of polymer blends. Electrical conductivity was calculated with an impedance analyzer in the frequency range 50 Hz–1MHz and in the temperature range 293–343 K. The highest electrical conductivity value of 5.3 × 10-3 (S/cm) was observed for electrolytes with 50 wt% KI concentration at room temperature. The magnitude of electrical conductivity was increased with the increase in the salt concentration and temperature. The blend electrolytes have a high dielectric constant at lower frequencies which may be attributed to the dipoles providing sufficient time to get aligned with the electric field, resulting in higher polarization. The reduction of activation energy (Ea) suggests that faster-conducting electrolyte ions want less energy to move.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by College of Science, University of Baghdad. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
N. M. Sadiq, S. B. Aziz, and M. F. Z. Kadir, Gels 8, 153 (2022).
H. Yang, Y. Liu, L. Kong, L. Kang, and F. Ran, J. Pow. Sources 426, 47 (2019).
M. S. Su’ait, M. Y. A. Rahman, and A. Ahmad, Solar Ener. 115, 452 (2015).
C. Tao, M.-H. Gao, B.-H. Yin, B. Li, Y.-P. Huang, G. Xu, and J.-J. Bao, Electrochi. Acta 257, 31 (2017).
S. N. a. M. Johari, N. A. Tajuddin, H. Hanibah, and S. K. Deraman, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 16, 2 (2021).
H. G. Rauf, J. M. Hadi, S. B. Aziz, R. T. Abdulwahid, and M. S. Mustafa, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 17, 2 (2022).
Y. Zhao, L. Wang, Y. Zhou, Z. Liang, N. Tavajohi, B. Li, and T. Li, Advan. Sci. 8, 2003675 (2021).
J. C. Barbosa, J. P. Dias, S. Lanceros-Méndez, and C. M. Costa, Membranes 8, 45 (2018).
M. Shukur, R. Ithnin, H. Illias, and M. Kadir, Optic. Mater. 35, 1834 (2013).
Y. Liu, B. Xu, W. Zhang, L. Li, Y. Lin, and C. Nan, Small 16, 1902813 (2020).
J. Wang, S. Li, Q. Zhao, C. Song, and Z. Xue, Advan. Func. Mater. 31, 2008208 (2021).
S. Jha, V. Bhavsar, K. Sooraj, M. Ranjan, and D. Tripathi, J. Advan. Dielec. 11, 2150020 (2021).
D. Akram and N. Hameed, J. Appl. Sci. Nanotech. 2, 38 (2022).
S. I. Wani and A. S. Ganie, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 128, 108567 (2021).
E. A. Swady and M. K. Jawad, Iraqi J. Phys. 19, 15 (2021).
J. O. Dennis, A. A. Adam, M. Ali, H. Soleimani, M. F. B. A. Shukur, K. Ibnaouf, O. Aldaghri, M. Eisa, M. Ibrahem, and A. Bashir Abdulkadir, Membranes 12, 706 (2022).
K. Deshmukh, M. B. Ahamed, K. K. Sadasivuni, D. Ponnamma, M. a. A. Almaadeed, R. R. Deshmukh, S. K. Pasha, A. R. Polu, and K. Chidambaram, J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 134, 44427 (2017).
N. Badi, A. M. Theodore, S. A. Alghamdi, H. A. Al-Aoh, A. Lakhouit, A. S. Roy, A. S. Alatawi, and A. Ignatiev, Polymers 14, 3837 (2022).
M. A. Jothi, D. Vanitha, N. Nallamuthu, A. Manikandan, and S. A. Bahadur, Phys. B: Conden. Matt. 580, 411940 (2020).
H. Alfannakh, Advan. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2022, 1 (2022).
D. Vanitha, S. A. Bahadur, N. Nallamuthu, A. Shunmuganarayanan, and A. Manikandan, J. Nanosci. Nanotech. 18, 1723 (2018).
M. Kadhim Jawad, Iraqi J. Phys. 17, 76 (2019).
S. Nippani, P. Kuchhal, G. Anand, and V. K. Kambila, J. Eng. Sci. Tech. 11, 1595 (2016).
M. M. Nofal, J. M. Hadi, S. B. Aziz, M. A. Brza, A. S. Asnawi, E. M. Dannoun, A. M. Abdullah, and M. F. Kadir, Materials 14, 4859 (2021).
Y. Horowitz, M. Lifshitz, A. Greenbaum, Y. Feldman, S. Greenbaum, A. P. Sokolov, and D. Golodnitsky, J. Electrochem. Soci. 167, 160514 (2020).
D. Padalia, U. Johri, and M. Zaidi, Phys. B: Conden. Matt. 407, 838 (2012).
R. Das and R. Choudhary, J. Advan. Cer. 8, 174 (2019).
C. Behera and A. Pattanaik, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electro. 30, 5470 (2019).
M. S. Grewal, K. Kisu, S.-I. Orimo, and H. Yabu, Iscience 25, 104910 (2022).
A. B. J. Kharrat, N. Moutia, K. Khirouni, and W. Boujelben, Mater. Res. Bull. 105, 75 (2018).
H. Yin, C. Han, Q. Liu, F. Wu, F. Zhang, and Y. Tang, Small 17, 2006627 (2021).
S. Salehan, B. Nadirah, M. Saheed, W. Yahya, and M. Shukur, J. Poly. Res. 28, 1 (2021).
O. Nordness and J. F. Brennecke, Chem. Rev. 120, 12873 (2020).
T. Otitoju, P. Okoye, G. Chen, Y. Li, M. Okoye, and S. Li, J. Indus. Eng. Chem. 85, 34 (2020).
V. Shanthala, S. Devi, and M. Murugendrappa, IOSR: J. App. Phys. 8, 83 (2016).