Comparison Assessment of Synthesis and Characterization of Zr-MOFs Nanoscale Using Various Techniques
Main Article Content
Abstract
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are essential in nanotechnology applications due to their unique properties. MOFs can be easily tailored for specific uses by altering the metals or organic linkers involved, such as zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs). Among the several methods used to create nanoscale Zr-MOFs are microwave-assisted synthesis, solvothermal, sonochemical, ionothermal, and mechanochemical procedures. The synthesis, structure, and characterization of Zr-MOFs were compared in this project between conventional solvothermal and microwave-assisted methods for nitrogen adsorption/desorption. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the two processes for synthesizing Zr-MOFs were characterized. The outcomes demonstrate the crystalline structure of both MOFs. The key benefits of microwave-assisted synthesis over other methods are its quick nucleation rate, short reaction time, and improved Zr-MOF characteristics. Furthermore, the microwave-assisted method significantly accelerated the synthesis process, achieving complete reaction within 10 minutes at 120 °C, whereas the conventional process typically takes 24 hrs. The results revealed that nitrogen adsorption/desorption by Zr-MOF microwave-assisted synthesis is more dominant than the conventional solvothermal synthesis technique.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by the College of Science, University of Baghdad. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
. Zaltraiov, Metal-organic frameworks: Emerging porous materials for energy applications, Advances in Energy Material, (Apple Academic Press, 1st Edition, 2023), 47, P. 29. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003346074-3.
2. M. Gatou, I. Vagena, N. Lagopati, N. Pippa, M. Gazouli, and E. Pavlatou, Functional MOF-based materials for environmental and biomedical applications: A critical review, Nanomater. 13(15), 2224 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13152224.
3. K. Chattopadhyay, M. Mandal, and D. Maita, A review on zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks: synthetic approaches and biomedical applications, Mater. Adv. 5(1), 51 )2024). https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MA00735A.
4. A. L. Bugaev, A. A. Guda, K. A. Lomachenko, E. G. Kamyshova, M. A. Soldatov, and G. Kaur, Operando study of palladium nanoparticles inside UiO-67 MOF for catalytic hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, Faraday Discuss. 208, 287 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7FD00224F.
5. Y. An, X. Lv, W. Jiang, L. Wang, Y. Shi, X. Hang, and H. Pang, The stability of MOFs in aqueous solutions-research progress and prospects, Green Chem. Eng. 5(2), 187 )2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gce.2023.07.004.
6. H. Liu, Y. Zhao, C. Zhou, B. Mu, and L. Chen, Microwave-assisted synthesis of Zr-based metal–organic framework (Zr-fum-fcu-MOF) for gas adsorption separation, Chem. Phys. Lett. 780, 138906 (2021(. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138906.
7. U. Shahzad, H. M. Marwani, M. Saeed, A. M. Asiri, R. H. Althomali, and M. M. Rahman, Exploration of porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for an efficient energy storage applications, J. Energy Storage. 74(A), 109518 (2023(. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.109518.
8. S. J. Mohammad, H. H. Rady, and S. S. Najim, Remove phenolic pollutant on Bentonite surface nanopowder, In AIP Conference Proceedings; 2437(1), 020187 (2022(. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0094046.
9. E. Abd Dleam and S. H. Kareem, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a System for Ciprofloxacin Drug Delivery; Kinetic of Adsorption and Releasing, Baghdad Sci. J., 18(2), 0357 (2021(. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.2.0357.
10. X. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Tang, X. Huang, and H. Pang, Recent advances and challenges of metal–organic framework/graphene-based composites, Compos. B. Eng., 230, 109532 (2022(. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109532.
11. T. Azbell, T. Pitt, M. Bollmeyer, C. Cong, K. Lancaster, and P. Milner, Solvent-Free Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks Using Low-Melting Metal Salts, Mater. Chem. 1, (2022(. https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-00xd7.
12. A. K. Alwan, M. J. Kahadom, A. M. Marai, and A. K. Esmaeel, Comparison Between Conventional and Microwave Methods For Extraction Pectin and Degree of Esterification from Orange (Citrus sinesis) and Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) Peels, Baghdad Sci. J., 13(1), 0026, (2016(. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2016.13.1.0026.
13. R. Krishnan, S. N. Shibu, D. Poelman, A. K. Badyal, A. K. Kunti, H. C. Swart, and S. G. Menon, Recent advances in microwave synthesis for photoluminescence and photocatalysis, Mater. Today Commun. 32, 103890, (2022(. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103890.
14. N. B. Kardile, S. M. Thakre, and A. Sinha, Chapter 9 - Electric and magnetic field based processing technologies for food. Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Elsevier, 239, (2022(. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91158-0.00012-0.
15. E. Taki and D. Sami, A review on Activated Carbon Prepared from Agricultural Waste using Conventional and Microwave Activation, Khwarizmi eng. j. 19(3), 33, (2023(. https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2023.06.001.
16. P. T. Phan, J. Hong, N. Tran, and T. H. Le, The properties of microwave-assisted synthesis of metal-organic frameworks and their application, Nanomater. 13(2), 352, (2023(. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13020352.
17. V. F. Yusuf, N. I. Malek, and S. K. Kailasa, Review on Metal–Organic Framework Classification, Synthetic Approaches, and Influencing Factors: Applications in Energy, Drug Delivery, and Wastewater Treatment, ACS Omega, 7(49), 44507 (2022(. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c05310.
18. D. K. Muthee and B. F. Dejene, Effect of annealing temperature on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Heliyon. 7(6), 6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07269.
19. K. Hyjek and P. Jodłowski, Metal-organic frameworks for efficient drug adsorption and delivery, Sci. Radices, 2(2), 89 (2023(. https://doi.org/10.58332/scirad2023v2i2a03.
20. M. Leśko, J. Samuelsson, D. Åsberg, K. Kaczmarski, and T. Fornstedt, Evaluating the advantages of higher heat conductivity in a recently developed type of core-shell diamond stationary phase particle in UHPLC, J. Chromatogr. A. 1625, 461076 (2020(. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461076.
21. A. Ali, Y. W. Chiang, and R. M. Santos, X-ray diffraction techniques for mineral characterization: A review for engineers of the fundamentals, applications, and research directions, Minerals, 12 (2), 205 (2022(. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020205.
22. K. D. Nguyen, N. T. Vo, K. T. Le, K. V. Ho, N. T. Phan, P. H. Ho, and H. V. Le, Defect-engineered metal–organic frameworks (MOF-808) towards the improved adsorptive removal of organic dyes and chromium (VI) species from water New J. Chem., 47(11), 6433 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ05693C.
23. Y. Jiang, Z. Wang, Z. Zhu, M. He, and P. Zhou, Effective removal of humic acid by Zr-MOFs with surface modification, Water. 14(11), 1800 )2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111800.
24. X. Zhang, R. Yu, D. Wang, W. Li, and Y. Zhang, Green Photocatalysis of Organic Pollutants by Bimetallic Zn-Zr Metal-Organic Framework Catalyst, Front. Chem., 10, 918941 )2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.918941.
25. F. ALjubouri and M. K. Jawad, FTIR and electrical behavior of blend electrolytes based on (PVA/PVP), Iraqi J. Phys., 21(1), 1 (2023(. https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1093.
26. H. R. Abid, M. R. Azhar, S. Iglauer, Z. H. Rada, A. Al-Yaseri, and A. Keshavarz, Physicochemical characterization of metal organic framework materials: A mini review, Heliyon, 10(1), e23840 )2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23840.
27. S. Li, X. Hu, Q. Chen, X. Zhang, H. Chai, and Y. Huang, Introducing bifunctional metal-organic frameworks to the construction of a novel ratiometric fluorescence sensor for screening acid phosphatase activity, Biosens and Bioelectron, 137, 133 (2019(. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.05.010.
28. M. S. Alivand, N. H. Tehrani, M. Shafiei-Alavijeh, A. Rashidi, M. Kooti, A. Pourreza, and S. Fakhraie, Synthesis of a modified HF-free MIL-101(Cr) nanoadsorbent with enhanced H2S/CH4, CO2/CH4, and CO2/N2 selectivity, J. Env. Chem. Eng., 7(2), 102946 (2019(. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.102946.
29. N. Aljammal, J. Lauwaert, B. Biesemans, T. Vandevyvere, M. K. Sabbe, P. M. Heynderickx, and J. W. Thybaut, UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks as aldol condensation catalyst: Impact of defects, solvent, functionality on the catalytic activity and selectivity, J. Catal., 433, 115471 (2024(. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115471.
30. Z. U. Zango, N. S. Sambudi, K. Jumbri, N. H. Bakar, N. A. Abdullah, E. S. Negim, and B. Saad, Experimental and molecular docking model studies for the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons onto UiO-66(Zr) and NH2-UiO-66(Zr) metal-organic frameworks, Chem. Eng. Sci., 220, 115608 (2020(. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.115608.
31. L. Rahmidar, D. G. Syarif, Suyatman, and Nugraha, A facile approach for preparing Zr-BDC and Zr-BDC-NH2 MOFs using solvothermal method, In J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2243, 012055, (2022(. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2243/1/012055.
32. T. Ma, W. Wang, and R. Wang, Thermal degradation and carbonization mechanism of Fe-based metal-organic frameworks onto flame-retardant polyethylene terephthalate, Polymers, 15(1), 224, (2023(. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15010224.
33. T. Emiola-Sadiq, L. Zhang, and A. K. Dalai, Thermal and Kinetic Studies on Biomass Degradation via Thermogravimetric Analysis: A Combination of Model-Fitting and Model-Free Approach, ACS Omega, 6(34), 22233 (2021(. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02937.
34. N. P. Makhanya, B. Oboirien, N. Musyoka, J. Ren, and P. Ndungu, Evaluation of PET-derived metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for water adsorption and heat storage, J. Porous Mater. 30, 387 (2023(. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-022-01351-w.
35. B. Kebede, A. M. Taddesse, and E. Teju, UiO-66 (Zr-MOF): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for the Removal of Malathion and 2, 4-D from Aqueous Solution, Environ. Pollut. Bioavailab, 35(1), 2222910, (2023(. https://doi.org/10.1080/26395940.2023.2222910.
36. M. Saidi, P. H. Ho, P. Yadav, F. Salles, C. Charnay, L. Girard, L. Boukli, and P. Trens, Zirconium-Based Metal Organic Frameworks for the Capture of Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol Vapour. A Comparative Study, Molecules, 26, 7620 (2021(. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247620.
37. M. Thommes, K. Kaneko, A.V. Neimark, J. P. Olivier, F. Rodriguez, J. Rouquerol, and K. Sing, Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure Appl. Chem. 87(9-10), 1051 )2015). https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-1117.
38. Q. Ren, Y. Ma, F. Wei, L. Qin, H. Chen, Z. Liang, and S. Wang, Preparation of Zr-MOFs for the adsorption of doxycycline hydrochloride from wastewater, Green Process. Synth. 12(1), 20228127 )2023). https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2022-8127.