Photocatalytic Activity and Wettability Properties of ZnO/Sawdust/Epoxy Composites
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and sawdust/epoxy composite (20:80) were mixed using a simple molding method with different ZnONPs concentrations of (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 %). The samples of the nanocomposites were characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique to demonstrate the homogeneity of the prepared ZnONPs/nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was examined using the methylene blue (MB) dye as a pollutant solution, through evaluation of the efficiency of the prepared compound in the treatment of organic pollutants under illumination by sunlight. The photocatalytic results showed that after 240 minutes of exposure to sunlight, the sample prepared using (0.5 vol.% of ZnONPs) appeared to rapid degradation of MB dye, with photolysis efficiency of 89% and 71% for dye concentrations 5 and 10 ppm, respectively. Wettability results confirmed that the water contact angles of samples (WCAs) were affected by the concentration of ZnONPs.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by College of Science, University of Baghdad. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Altenbach H., Beitelschmidt M., Kästner M., Naumenko K., and Wallmersperger T., Material modeling and structural mechanics. 2022: Springer.
Rocha J.L., Godinho R., Brito J.C., and Nielsen R., Life in Deserts: The genetic basis of mammalian desert adaptation. Trends in Ecology Evolution, 2021. 36(7): pp.637-650.
Alrubaie H.A. and Muzahem B.M., Variation of pH and composite dosage on the photocatalytic activity for ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites. Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2021. 19(51): pp.33-40.
Koniuszewska A.G. and Kaczmar J.W., Application of polymer based composite materials in transportation. Progress in Rubber Plastics Recycling Technology, 2016. 32(1): pp.1-24.
Hameed A.M., Preparation and studying of some properties of polymer composites reinforced with natural and artificial fibers. Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2016. 14(31): pp.138-147.
Noori F.T.M., Alajaj E.A., and Al-Nasrawy D.K., AC conductivity and dielectric properties of epoxy-TiO2 nanocomposites. Iraqi Journal Phys, 2011. 9(14): pp.102-108.
Omanović-Mikličanin E., Badnjević A., Kazlagić A., and Hajlovac M., Nanocomposites: A brief review. Health Technology, 2020. 10(1): pp.51-59.
Muhsin S.A., Hummudi I.M., and Al-Ani M.A., Estimate Zinc-Oxide particles on PMMA mechanical properties. Journal of Techniques, 2022. 4(2): pp.32-37.
Lenka S. and Badamali S.K., Nanostructured ZnO as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst towards degradation of lignin under visible light irradiation. SSRN 4103200: pp.1-20.
Madeira M.d.P., Gusmão S.B., de Lima I.S., Lemos G.M., Barreto H.M., Abi-chacra É.d.A., Vega M.L., Hidalgo A.A., Santos F.E., and Silva-Filho E.C., Depositation of Sodium Titanate nanotubes: Superhydrophilic surface and antibacterial approach. Journal of Materials Research Technology, 2022. 19(175): pp.2104-2114.
Upadhaya D. and Purkayastha D.D., Self-cleaning activity of CuO/ZnO Heterostructure: A synergy of photocatalysis and hydrophilicity. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2022. 132: pp. 104216.
Khalaf M.K., Chiad B.T., Ahmed A., and Mutlak F.A., Thin film technique for preparing nano-ZnO gas sensing (O2, NO2) using plasma deposition. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering and Management, 2013. 2(6): pp.178-184.
Sanad M.F., Shalan A.E., Bazid S.M., and Abdelbasir S.M., Pollutant degradation of different organic dyes using the photocatalytic activity of ZnO@ ZnS nanocomposite materials. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2018. 6(4): pp.3981-3990.
Sabry R.S., Rahmah M.I., and Aziz W.J., A Systematic study to evaluate effects of stearic acid on superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic properties of Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2020. 31(16): pp.13382-13391.
Kadhim R.F., Photocatalytic removal of Methylene blue dye by using of ZnS and CdS. Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2017. 15(33): pp.11-16.
Devi K.P. and Chaturvedi H., An overview of nanotechnology in water treatment applications and combating climate change. Water Conservation in the Era of Global Climate Change, 2021: pp.191-212.
Rafaie H.A., Yusop N.F.M., Azmi N.F., Abdullah N.S., and Ramli N.I.T., Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye solution using different amount of ZnO as a photocatalyst. Science Letters, 2021. 15(1): pp.1-12.
Sabry R.S., Aziz W.J., and Rahmah M.I., Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag and Fe2O3 Co-doped ZnO nanostructure under visible light irradiation. Materials Technology, 2020. 35(6): pp.326-334.
Al-Shabander B.M. and AL-Ajaj E.A., Study the photocatalytic behavior of TiO2 nanoparticles doped with Ni synthesized by sol-gel method. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering and Management. 5(2): pp. 37-42.
Tung W.S. and Daoud W.A., Self‐cleaning fibers and fabrics, in self‐cleaning materials surfaces: a nanotechnology approach. 2013. p. 129-152.
Syafiq A., Balakrishnan V., Ali M.S., Dhoble S.J., Abd Rahim N., and Omar A., Application of transparent self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panel: A review. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 2022. 36: pp. 100801.
Liu X., Zhao X., Lu L., and Li J., Liquid bridges between particles and the hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces of solar photovoltaic glass. Science of The Total Environment, 2022. 822: pp. 153552.
Sethi S.K. and Manik G., Recent progress in super hydrophobic/hydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces for various industrial applications: A review. Polymer-Plastics Technology Engineering, 2018. 57(18): pp. 1932-1952.
Ahmad D., van den Boogaert I., Miller J., Presswell R., and Jouhara H., Hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and their applications. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, Environmental Effects, 2018. 40(22): pp.2686-2725.
Hemström P. and Irgum K., Hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Journal of Separation Science, 2006. 29(12): pp.1784-1821.
Banerjee S., Dionysiou D.D., and Pillai S.C., Self-cleaning applications of TiO2 by Photo-induced hydrophilicity and photocatalysis. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2015. 176: pp.396-428.
Paul D.R., Sharma R., Nehra S., and Sharma A., Effect of calcination temperature, pH and catalyst loading on photodegradation efficiency of uirea derived graphitic carbon nitride towards methylene blue dye solution. RSC advances, 2019. 9(27): pp.15381-15391.
Rahmah M.I., Sabry R.S., and Aziz W.J., Preparation of superhydrophobic Ag/Fe2O3/ZnO Surfaces with photocatalytic activity. Surface Engineering, 2021. 37(10): pp.1320-1327.
Velasco E., Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) as a means to determine dispersibility, Thesis, Iowa State University, 2013.
Albiss B. and Abu-Dalo M., Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using Zinc Oxide nanorods grown on activated carbon fibers. Sustainability, 2021. 13(9): pp.1-15.
Al-Shabander B.M., Preparation of TiO2 nanorods by sol-gel template method and measured its photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange. Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2015. 13(26): pp.171-177.
Sabry R.S., Aziz W.J., and Rahmah M.I., Employed Silver doping to improved photocatalytic properties of ZnO micro/nanostructures. Journal of Inorganic Organometallic Polymers Materials Technology, 2020. 30(11): pp.4533-4543.
Khan M.Q., Kharaghani D., Nishat N., Shahzad A., Hussain T., Khatri Z., Zhu C., and Kim I.S., Preparation and characterizations of multifunctional PVA/ZnO nanofibers composite membranes for surgical gown application. Journal Of Materials Research Technology, 2019. 8(1): pp.1328-1334.
Rahmah M.I., Sabry R.S., and Aziz W.J., Preparation and antibacterial activity of superhydrophobic modified ZnO/PVC nanocomposite. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2022. 19(1): pp.139-154.