Positron Interactions with Some Human Body Organs Using Monte Carlo Probability Method
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study, mean free path and positron elastic-inelastic scattering are modeled for the elements hydrogen (H), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K) and iodine (I). Despite the enormous amounts of data required, the Monte Carlo (MC) method was applied, allowing for a very accurate simulation of positron interaction collisions in live cells. Here, the MC simulation of the interaction of positrons was reported with breast, liver, and thyroid at normal incidence angles, with energies ranging from 45 eV to 0.2 MeV. The model provides a straightforward analytic formula for the random sampling of positron scattering. ICRU44 was used to compile the elemental composition data. In this work, elastic cross sections (ECS) and inelastic cross-sections (ICS) for positron interaction in human tissues were studied. The elastic scattering is obtained from the Rutherford differential cross-section. Gryzinski's excitation function is used within the first-born approximation to determine the core and valence of ICS. The results are presented graphically. The ECS increases rapidly as the scattering energy approaches zero and becomes dependent on the atomic number of elements in organs. The ICS has reached a maximum value of around 100 eV. Increasing positron energy leads to an increase in the elastic and inelastic mean free paths. The simulations agree with many other studies dealing with the same parameters and conditions.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
How to Cite
References
Berg E. and Cherry S.R., Innovations in instrumentation for positron emission tomography. Seminars in nuclear medicine, 2018. 48(4): pp. 311-331.
Singh S., Dutta S., Naghma R., and Antony B., Theoretical formalism to estimate the positron scattering cross section. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2016. 120(28): pp. 5685-5692.
Bert J. and Sarrut D., Monte Carlo simulations for medical and biomedical applications. Biomedical Image Synthesis and Simulation, 2022: pp. 23-53.
Garcia‐Molina R., Abril I., Kyriakou I., and Emfietzoglou D., Inelastic scattering and energy loss of swift electron beams in biologically relevant materials. Surface Interface Analysis, 2017. 49(1): pp. 11-17.
Stevens D., Experiments in the application of positrons to medical physics, MPhil Thesis, Australian National University, 2020.
Carter L.M., Kesner A.L., Pratt E., Sanders V., Massicano A., Cutler C., Lapi S., and Lewis J.S., The impact of positron range on PET resolution, evaluated with phantoms and PHITS Monte Carlo simulations for conventional and non-conventional radionuclides. Molecular Imaging Biology, 2020. 22(1): pp. 73-84.
O’Doherty J., Mangini C.D., Hamby D.M., Boozer D., Singh N., and Hippeläinen E., Estimation of absorbed radiation doses to skin and s‐values for organs at risk due to nasal administration of PET agents using Monte Carlo simulations. Medical Physics, 2021. 48(2): pp. 871-880.
Mohammed S., Trabelsi A., and Manai K., Stopping power, CSDA range, absorbed dose and cross sections calculations of f18 simulated in water using Geant4 code. Indian Journal of Science Technology, 2018. 11(6): pp. 1-10.
Chen J., Keane D., Ma Y.-G., Tang A., and Xu Z., Antinuclei in heavy-ion collisions. Physics Reports, 2018. 760: pp. 1-39.
Zakharov A. Y. and Zubkov V. V., Field-Theoretical Representation of Interactions between particles: Classical relativistic probability-free kinetic theory," Universe, 2022. 8(5), pp. 1-10.
Ma D., Yang B., Zhang Q., Liu J., and Li T., Evaluation of single-node performance of parallel algorithms for multigroup Monte Carlo particle transport methods. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2021. 9: pp. 705823(1-12).
Liljequist D., A simple calculation of inelastic mean free path and stopping power for 50 eV-50 keV electrons in solids. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 1983. 16(8): pp. 1567-1582.
Valkealahti S. and Nieminen R., Monte-Carlo calculations of keV electron and positron slowing down in solids. Applied Physics A, 1983. 32(2): pp. 95-106.
Aydın A., Monte Carlo calculations of low energy positrons in silicon. NUKLEONIKA, 2005. 50(1): pp. 37−42.
Hussain A., Yang L., Mao S., Da B., Tőkési K., and Ding Z., Determination of electron backscattering coefficient of beryllium by a high-precision Monte Carlo simulation. Nuclear Materials Energy, 2021. 26: pp. 100862(1-17).
Sinha N., Subraveti P., and Antony B., Electron and positron backscattering from condensed targets. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular Optical Physics, 2021. 54(20): pp. 205001.
Yan Q., Meng X., Liu D., Zhang Q., and Zhu J., Evaluation of displacement damage in solids induced by fast positrons: Modeling and effect on vacancy measurement. Nuclear Materials Energy, 2021. 27: pp. 101022(1-14).
Koç K. and Çetin A., Investigation of interactions between low energy positrons and dna using the Monte-Carlo method. Neuro Quantology, 2015. 13(2): pp. 160-169.
Aydın A., Monte Carlo calculations of electrons in aluminum. Applied Radiation Isotopes, 2009. 67(2): pp. 281-286.
Arretche F., Barp M.V., Seidel E.P., and Tenfen W., Electronic excitation of H2O by positron impact. The European Physical Journal D, 2020. 74(1): pp. 1-7.
Sinha N. and Antony B., Mean free paths and cross sections for electron scattering from liquid water. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2021. 125(21): pp. 5479-5488.
Wyszomirska A., Iodine-131 for therapy of thyroid diseases. Physical and Biological basis. Nuclear Medicine Review, 2012. 15(2): pp. 120-123.
Panetta T.F., Davila-Santini L.R., and Olson A., Radiation physics and radiation safety, Endovascular Surgery E-Book. 2010, ELSEVIER. p.27-40.
Nair C.K., Parida D.K., and Nomura T., Radioprotectors in radiotherapy. Journal of Radiation Research, 2001. 42(1): pp. 21-37.
Jagetia G.C. and Reddy T.K., Modulation of radiation-induced alteration in the antioxidant status of mice by naringin. Life Sciences, 2005. 77(7): pp. 780-794.
Mutter R.W., Choi J.I., Jimenez R.B., Kirova Y.M., Fagundes M., Haffty B.G., Amos R.A., Bradley J.A., Chen P.Y., and Ding X., Proton therapy for breast cancer: A consensus statement from the particle therapy cooperative group breast cancer subcommittee. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 2021. 111(2): pp. 337-359.
Kunwar A., Bansal P., Kumar S.J., Bag P., Paul P., Reddy N., Kumbhare L., Jain V., Chaubey R., and Unnikrishnan M., In vivo radioprotection studies of 3, 3′-diselenodipropionic acid, a selenocystine derivative. Free Radical Biology Medicine, 2010. 48(3): pp. 399-410.
White D.R., Booz J., Griffith R.V., Spokas J.J., and Wilson I.J., ICRU reports: Reports of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. 1989. os-23(1): pp. 184-186.
Rutherford E., The scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom. Philosophical Magazine, 2012. 92(4): pp. 379-398.
Gryziński M., Two-particle collisions. i. general relations for collisions in the laboratory system. Physical Review, 1965. 138(2A): pp. A305-A321.
Adesida I., Shimizu R., and Everhart T., A study of electron penetration in solids using a direct Monte Carlo approach. Journal of Applied Physics, 1980. 51(11): pp. 5962-5969.
Dym C.L. and Shames I.H., Classical theory of plates, in Solid Mechanics. 2013, Springer. p. 299-372.
Powell C.J., Practical guide for inelastic mean free paths, effective attenuation lengths, mean escape depths, and information depths in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Journal of Vacuum Science Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, Films, 2020. 38(2): pp. 023209(1-14).
Bohigian G.M., Estes E.H., Friedlander I.R., Kennedy W.R., Moxley J.H., Numann P., Salva P.S., Scott W.C., Skom J.H., and Steinhilber R.M., Application of positron emission tomography in the heart. JAMA, 1988. 259(16): pp. 2438-2445.
Mondaca S. and Janjigian Y.Y., Application of positron emission tomography imaging to personalize esophagogastric cancer care. Cancer, 2019. 125(8): pp. 1214-1217.
Lenz F., Cross Sections of atoms for elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie, 1970. 74(11): pp. 1187-1190.
Pimblott S.M., LaVerne J.A., and Mozumder A., Monte Carlo simulation of range and energy deposition by electrons in gaseous and liquid water. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 1996. 100(20): pp. 8595-8606.
Champion C., Incerti S., Aouchiche H., and Oubaziz D., A Free-parameter theoretical model for describing the electron elastic scattering in water in the geant4 toolkit. Radiation Physics Chemistry of materials, 2009. 78(9): pp. 745-750.
Dingfelder M., Hantke D., Inokuti M., and Paretzke H.G., Electron inelastic-scattering cross sections in liquid water. Radiation physics chemistry of materials, 1998. 53(1): pp. 1-18.
Emfietzoglou D., Kyriakou I., Garcia-Molina R., Abril I., and Nikjoo H., Inelastic cross sections for low-energy electrons in liquid water: exchange and correlation effects. Radiation Research, 2013. 180(5): pp. 499-513.
Aouina N.Y. and Chaoui Z.E.A., Simulation of Positron and electron elastic mean free path and diffusion angle on DNA nucleobases from 10 eV to 100 keV. Surface Interface Analysis, 2018. 50(10): pp. 939-946.
Shinotsuka H., Tanuma S., Powell C.J., and Penn D.R., Calculations of Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths. XII. Data for 42 Inorganic compounds over the 50 eV to 200 keV range with the full penn algorithm. Surface Interface Analysis, 2019. 51(4): pp. 427-457.
Shinotsuka H., Da B., Tanuma S., Yoshikawa H., Powell C., and Penn D.R., Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. XI. data for liquid water for energies from 50 eV to 30 keV. Surface Interface Analysis, 2017. 49(4): pp. 238-252.
Tanuma S., Powell C.J., and Penn D.R., Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. V. Data for 14 organic compounds over the 50–2000 eV range. Surface Interface Analysis, 1994. 21(3): pp. 165-176.