Analysis of the absorption spectra in the visible and ultraviolet regions of some medical ointments available in Iraqi markets

Three types of medical commercial creams Silvazine, Cinolon Tar and Hydroquinon Domina were incorporated in this study. The medical creams were taken directly and placed uniformly on the glass slide. Each type of pharmaceutical was weighed at 1 mg and dispersed on an area of 1x1 cm. This process ensures same thickness for all samples. The creams were analyzed by using double-beam UV/visible spectrophotometer Metertech SP8001. The absorption spectrum for each of samples was measured against wavelength range of 300–700 nm.


Introduction
Skin has been the barrier which holds body-water in and bacteria or chemical compounds out. Chemical absorption is a phenomenon (physical or chemical) or a procedure that the molecules and/or ions enter some bulk phase -gas, liquid or solid material. Now and again, it consolidates with physical absorption. This kind of absorption relies on the stoichiometry of the response and the centralization of its reactants [1]. The hyperpigmentary troubles of the skin are due to the through produce of melanin, either through a normal or raised figure of melanocytes, or through hormonal deficiency [2, 3]. Hydroquinones (HQs) were utilized for years in gels, creams and/or lotions for the therapy of the disorders. It is the nearly frequently utilized compounds in skin-toning preparations [4][5][6]. They belong to the groups of phenol derivatives and alike analogical compound of these groups, it is readily subject oxidative degradation, generally in the presence of metal, high concentrations of oxygen, basic media and on exposure to light [7,8]. The impacts of HQ have been transitory and concentration below3.0% didn't result skin injurie, but concentrations above 5.0% may induce local irritation being this the major trouble for the effectiveness of a simple technique [9][10][11]. Many analytical techniques hold for HQs determination in the skin/toning preparation have been describing, thorough high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [12], chromatography capillary [13], and chromatography micelle [14], in addition to other analytical techniques [15].
Ozone existing in the atmospheric earth have been absorb fully the solar rays with wavelength under 290 nm with safeguard our biosphere from harmful ultraviolet radiations.
Each mitigation in atmospheric ozone reason a raise arriving solar ultraviolet radiation, and so improving the harm because of such radiations [16]. Several of the ultraviolet spectra that have extent the ground has been non ionizing, however was though, medically dangerous because of the capability of unique photon of the energy to issue excitation of electron in medical molecules, and consequently will harm them through means of unfavorable reactions [17][18][19]. The shallow layers of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, give all the skin's hindrance properties. The basal epidermal layers and the fundamental dermis are rapidlyporous that the frequently utilized term "transdermal ingestion" is erroneous. The stratum corneum is comprised of layers of covering cell plates containing the stringy protein keratin. Most medication retention is trans cellular: it is impossible that recognizable assimilation occurs between cells or through sweat pores and hair follicles [20]. Concerning to a continuance published articles [21][22][23][24][25][26], we focus on the absorption spectrum pact on medical creams.

Materials and methods
Three types of commercial medical creams available in the Iraqi market were used in this investigation. Different properties of these pharmaceuticals were tabulated in Table 1. Silvazine cream has wide antibacterial action. It is bactericidal for some gram-negative and gram-positive microbes and is additionally successful against yeast infection. Adequate information had been acquired to show that silver sulfadiazine will restrain microbes that are impervious to other antimicrobial specialists. Silvadene Cream 1% (silver sulfadiazine) is a topical antimicrobial medication for patients with second-degree and severely burn areas HydroquinonDomina Cream works by preventing the production of melanin in the skin. As less and less melanin is created, the obscured skin continuously blurs to match ordinary skin. HydroquinonDomina Cream is utilized to help restricted regions of hyperpigmented skin such as skin flaws, lentigo, melasma, chloasma, and spots.

Experimental procedure
The medical creams were taken directly and distributed uniformly on the glass slide. Each type of pharmaceuticals was weighed at 1 mg and dispersed on an area of 1x1 cm. This is to ensure about same thickness for all samples. Dual-beam UV/visible absorption spectrophotometer type SP8001 Metertech was used to analyze the absorption spectrum of each sample. The samples were measured in the wavelength range of 300-700 nm. Fig. 1 shows the correlation between the absorbance and the wavelength for medical cream Silvazine. It is clearly shown that the highest value of absorption spectrum is at a wavelength of 400 nm with an absorption value is 0.213. This result indicates that the absorbance at this wavelength is the maximum value. The absorbance at wavelength range 300-340 nm represents minimum values and the radiation reaching the skin is at maximum. The wavelength longer than 500 nm shows approximately equal absorbance values which indicate that the amount of sunlight reaching human skin is approximately equal. Fig. 2 shows the correlation between the absorbance and the wavelength for medical cream Cinolon Tar. This indicates clearly that the maximum value of absorption spectrum is at a wavelength of 500 nm and is equivalent to 0.195. This result indicates that the absorbance after this wavelength will result have approximately equal values. The absorbance at the wavelength range 300-440 nm increased gradually and the radiation that reached the skin decreased gradually due to reduced radiation energy. The maximum quantity of sunlight reaching the human skin is at the range of wavelength 300-460 nm.  Fig. 3 shows the correlation between the absorbance and the wavelength for medical cream Hydroquinon Domina. It is clearly shown that the maximum value of the absorption spectrum is at the wavelength of 400 nm which has 0.2025 absorption value. This result represents as an indicator that the absorbance after this wavelength was approximately of equal values except for the value at wavelength 480 nm. The absorbance at wavelength range 300-440 nm increased gradually and the radiation reaching the skin decreased gradually until 500 nm. The absorbance at the wavelength range of 500-700 nm is approximately the same values which has been shown. This showed that the quantity of sunlight that reached human skin at this range is the same.

Conclusions
From this work, an important point that can be concluded is that the absorption spectrum of the medical creams which have been chosen and showed clearly that it is possible to determine the wavelength which delivers the maximum amount of sunlight onto the human skin and thus lead to reduced effectiveness of treatment. The best medical cream chosenrelative to othercreamsis Silvazine, with the highest value for absorbency at 0.2132, while the worst cream is Cinolon Tar where the highest value for absorbency was 0.195.